Monthly Archives: June 2018

College, Credit Cards, Financial Freedom, Retirement, Saving, Wealth

How I went from $5k to a six-figure 401(k) in 6 years

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“It’s not your salary that makes you rich, it’s your spending habits.” ― Charles A. Jaffe

It seems like every other day I read about some new 401(k) millionaire.

I think that’s really great, but you know what I always think about when I hear about newly minted 401(k) millionaires; I think how that money is all on paper only. You cannot access those funds without cashing out. Making this investment illiquid.

There is nothing wrong with that except if you need or want the money now to spend or invest. Tapping a retirement account before age 59 ½ comes with a 10% penalty and a 25% income tax rate. Ouch!

Therefore, I focus on earning more, saving more, and investing more all at the same time.

However, years ago I thought to myself why not also focus on getting a million in investable assets.

That’s when I set about focusing on what I could do to get to $1 million in my retirement account.

After doing some research, I found that millionaires did the following:

  1. Invest at least 20% of their income
  2. Spend less than they earn
  3. Read about finance

So, then I determined that I would have to make some sacrifices, if my goal was to get to $1 million.

First, I looked at what it would take to get there.

I learned that a $100,000 could turn into $1 million in 30 years at an 8% rate of return or higher and that is a great return on investment (ROI). Since, the stock market has averaged a return of 9.8% over 90 years from 1926-2016, then I figure 8% ROI is not an unrealistic percentage. And that is without adding another dime to your portfolio.

Imagine what life would be like if you no longer had to contribute to a 401(k). Pretty sweet. All that money now comes back to you and you can put it in other places such as a college fund, real estate, or seed money to start a business.

Now, I am not saying not to continue investing. Especially, if you get a match from your employer. That’s free money. Don’t give that up. It’s just good to have and know your options. Just FYI, I am still investing in my retirement accounts.

This is how I went from $5k to five zeroes in retirement accounts in just over 5 years.

DECIDE TO GET TO SIX-FIGURES

Once I made the decision to get to $100k, then I had to figure out a way to do it.

I decided to stick to a conservative estimate of a 6% ROI. That would equate to investing $12,585 per year. That works out to $1,048.75 per month or $484.04 bi-weekly.

Salary of $35k-$100k means you would have to put in anywhere from approximately 13% to 36% of your income in investments to get this figure.

COMMIT TO SAVING

I had to then commit to the idea. That meant some belt tightening. I looked for ways to save. I cut anything that was not required for me to eat, sleep, or stay healthy. I know financial gurus say it is best to focus on earning. And while I agree, I also know it is easier to cut expenses than it is to earn more.  Therefore, these things had to go:

  • Cable
  • Subscriptions (magazines, books, etc.)
  • Buying clothes (waved bye-bye to this)
  • Vacations
  • Nail salon visits
  • Restaurant Meals (ate out less)
  • Movies
  • CD’s, DVD’s and books (rented from the local public library for free)

This freed up quite a bit of money. Anywhere from $200-300 per month. Yep, that went to saving.

Then I turned my attention toward my debt. I was paying about $800 per month to service debt. Yikes! Even though that included different kinds of consumer debt (personal loan, credit cards), it was still a huge monthly expense. So, I decided to make some changes.

I wanted to stop paying so much in interest. That money could go toward saving and investing after all. I figured I could either pay it off, see about getting the interest rates down or both.

I called up a couple lenders to see if they would lower my interest rate based on payment history and credit score. They said no. And here’s a word of caution: after calling one lender, my credit limit was lowered. That’s right. You have no say or control when you owe money. The lender has all the power. Therefore, it is your job to pay off your debt so that you can have all the power.

Your credit limit is very important because this also affects your credit score.

Say you have a $10k credit limit and you owe $1k. That is a 10% credit usage. Very low. However, if your credit limit is slashed by more than half to $2k, then that $1k balance becomes a 50% credit usage. This would increase your debt ratio and lower your credit score.

And we all know how important your credit score is. The credit bureaus – Experian, Equifax, and Transunion – hold a lot of weight in the eyes of lenders. If you have a low credit score, it can affect whether or not you get a job, are able to buy a home or even a car. Credit scores below 620 usually mean you pay higher interest rates. On a mortgage, that could mean the difference of paying $10,000 to $100,000 in interest! No pair of name brand jeans, destination wedding, or fancy exotic vacation is worth a $100,000 dollars!

Going back to saving on credit interest, I had to figure out another route. Therefore, I did two things. One, I paid off all the low balance credit cards. Any lender I owed less than $500, I paid them off. Then, went after the ones under $1k and so on until I only owed two lenders.

That’s when I used the 0% balance transfer deals I had. I was able to put $10k at 0% for 18 months and another $5k at 0% for 12 months.

I also paid off my $20k personal loan! I had previously paid off my car loan. See my post Outrageous loan terms for Porsche that even the rich can’t justify about how and when I paid off my car!

I went from spending $1k to $1,100 per month to spending $500 and saving $600 more per month!

MAKE YOUR MONEY WORK AS HARD FOR YOU AS YOU WORK FOR IT

I was able to put that in my retirement accounts. I went from investing $450 a month with an employer match to investing $1,050 to get to the required $12,585 annually needed for $100,000.

Once I hit this goal I started looking for other ways to save. Mentally, it was a great feeling to know if I never invested another dime, that I could still end up a 401(k) millionaire by just letting my money sit and work for me while I was sleeping.

Then, I turned my attention toward other goals such as paying off all debt, building a 12-month emergency fund, and building capital to purchase an income property.

I also started saving more and looking for higher rate saving accounts because it’s not that the sky is falling (shout out to chicken little); I just need a better saving rate because inflation is coming!

Thus, the purpose you need to invest. You need assets that will beat inflation, which is anywhere from 2-3% per year.

I prefer to pay off debt first. All of it as fast as you can. If not, then prioritize.

If you know that your credit cards are going to charge an Annual Percentage Rate (APR) of 11.99 to 29.99%, then this has to go.

If your student loans and mortgage are charging you 7% or higher, then you may want to focus on getting the amounts down to under $50,00 or $100,000 respectively. That way you pay less interest over the life of the loan.

If possible, I say pay them all off before age 50. Then all your money is yours in your golden years. If this is not feasible, like, say a 15-year mortgage, then you may want to focus on beefing up your savings and investing more if your loans are charging 5% or less.

Either way, automate your savings. Can’t spend what you can’t see. Pay yourself first. You do this by putting money aside in savings as soon as it comes in and not the other way around. Paying bills first and then saving what is left is a recipe for disaster. Try to aim to invest 20%, save 30%, and use the other 50% for living expenses. If you can aim to save 40-50%, and then you can invest more money to get out of the rat race sooner.

Investing 20% or more in retirement and saving 30-50% would mean you are saving and investing 50-70% of your income. At a 50% savings rate, you could turn every dollar into two. At a 10% compound interest savings rate, you could double your money every 7 years! Now that’s what I’m talking about. Turn one dollar into more.

Remember this: It’s not what you make, it’s what you keep that will make you wealthy.

Celebrities and Money, College, Credit Cards, Financial Independence, Retirement, Saving

Meet an orthodontist with $1 million in student loan debt

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Unless you have not been reading headline making news lately, then you have heard of the man who ran up a tab of over a million dollars to become an orthodontist. It was featured in the Wall Street Journal and has attracted a lot of attention. His name is Dr. Mike Meru. He owes approximately $1,060,945.42 as of the reporting of the article in May 2018. There are only 101 people with $1 million in student loan debt. He is one of those people. Here is how this went down.

HOW TO GO FROM DEBT FREE TO OWING $1M IN 13 YEARS

Mr. Meru grew up in California. He has two brothers and is the eldest of the three. His parents said they would help pay for college. He got through undergrad with the help of his parents and by working through school. He graduated in 2005 from Brigham Young debt-free.

From there he decided to go to dental school.

Before we go any further in this story, I want you readers to know that becoming a doctor is incredibly expensive. It is not uncommon to have medical students be in debt for hundreds of thousands of dollars. Anywhere from $200,000-300,000 in medical school debt is their reality.  Dental school is also one of the most expensive programs and can cost upwards of $70,000 or more per year.

Getting back to Mr. Meru, he was informed that going to dental school would cost anywhere from a price tag of $400,000-$450,000 in student loans plus interest.

For me, this is a red flag. Even if you can earn a six-figure salary as a doctor, I am risk-averse and would be turned away by this eye-popping amount. However, if your goal is to be a doctor and be of help and in service to others, then this is what the cost will be.

FROM $0 IN STUDENT LOANS TO $340,000 IN FOUR YEARS

He then chooses one of the most prestigious institutions for dentistry: University of Southern California.  This is what he paid for four years of school from 2005-2009:

Year one at end he owed: $43,000

Year two at end he owed: $115,000

Year three at end he owed: $230,000

Year four at end he owed: $340,000

Dr. Meru has now finished dental school. He owes over a quarter of a million dollars in debt within four years of graduating from college debt-free.

Keep in mind that college tuition goes up every year around the country. USC is no exception. In addition, interest rates have gone up on student loans as well. In the WSJ article, his loans were at various interest rates throughout his time at school. Also, tuition increases at USC would go for about 6%. This is a huge amount of money. For instance, a 6% increase over 3 years would be the equivalent of an 18% increase in tuition by overall from start to finish.

The cost of college is going up faster than the cost of inflation. Generally, inflation goes up by about 3% annually increasing the costs of goods and services. Therefore, if it cost a dollar ($1.00) last year it will now cost $1.03 this year. Imagine paying 6% on $50,000 and then 6% on 53,000 and so on, all the while you are also accruing interest on this borrowed amount.

You are getting hit with a two combo even worse than Mike Tyson could ever do.

First, you get hit with tuition increases of 6% in this case. Second, you pay interest on the loans you take out of approximately $50,000 per year. The compound interest is brutal.

In the article, it states that Dr. Meru found his calling as orthodontics changed his life as a teenager. However, the one caveat he did not take into consideration: inflation. If you want to learn more about inflation, read my article Money Lessons I learned from Scrooge McDuck. The cost of becoming a doctor 20-25 years ago was cheaper then as it is way more expensive now.

This is not the first time I have seen people take bets like this on their education.

If you were to do some research, you will find that 50 plus years ago education was pretty reasonable and in many cases more  affordable. I will provide one such case below.

In the book, Generation Debt by Anya Kamenetz, a Yallie that was born toward the end of the 1970’s, stated in her book that her parents old college professors were in shock at the sticker price of Yale over a seven year time period which had risen- from $30,000 to almost $39,000. Her own father, who attended Yale on a scholarship, had appropriately asked the justification of the tuition increases. This considering when he went there the price was…wait for it…$3,000. That means within one generation tuition has increased $1,000% or to roughly 10 times the cost.

The absolute saddest and funniest part of the book, in my opinion, was at the high school graduation brunch of her younger sister. Her parents also wanted her sister to go to Yale, but cited cost concerns and rightly so. The speaker said of the 180 graduates they would divide $18 million in scholarships- that’ll just about get them to Thanksgiving. That was putting it mildly.

The problem is that education is not an equalizer. Although, there is nothing wrong with getting a good education. And going to a great school with high-quality education is awesome; some people may have to simply understand that it may not be the best option for them individually.

The jury is still out on the value of an education. Sure, they let you know on college brochures and in the media that a college degree can net you more than $1 million more in lifetime income, but in Dr. Meru’s case did it also say that if you flip a coin, it could be the opposite and you could owe $1 million dollars? I don’t think so.

Many employers are paying in wages nowhere near the cost of college.

I have read that some places cannot put a dollar amount on how much to pay their employees for their degree, but colleges have put a price on it as USC cost Dr. Meru over $400k.

FROM $340,000 IN STUDENT LOANS TO $601,506 IN THREE YEARS

You would think by finishing dental school that his education was done and over with. Alas, then there is residency, which is training for doctors. However, for dental specialists this costs too. Many doctors are paid while in residency, but Dr. Meru must continue to pay for training for an additional three years FROM 2009-2012. This would increase his debt to over $600,000.

FROM $601,506 IN STUDENT LOANS TO $1,060,945.42 IN SIX YEARS

Pay close attention here because things move really quickly.

He consolidates after finishing all his education and training. He then owes $724,817 by 2012-2013. This includes in interest and principal as a consolidation not only changes your repayment terms, interest rate, and payment amount but interest can capitalize. Capitalization is what makes student loans such a slippery slope. It makes you owe interest on top of interest making it harder to get it paid off.

From there he continues to accrue interest and owes $882,300 by 2015.

Within 3 years, interest continues and grows the debt to $1,060,945.42 by 2018.

How is this even possible? In 2005, Congress created Grad PLUS loans that removed loan limits and allows student to borrow for every expense from tuition to rent and living expenses. Dangerous.

He is now making monthly payments of $1,589.97. He has two daughters, a wife, a $400,000 mortgage, a $225,000 salary and is accruing $130 per day in interest on his loans, which is $3,900 per month and $47,000 per year.

If not for Income-based repayment, he would have to pay $10,541.91 per month. Instead, he pays about $1,600. This does not pay all the interest that is accruing and does not even touch his principal. Within 20 years he will owe $2 million. If forgiven, he will owe $700,000 in income taxes. Currently, his take-home pay after income taxes is $13,333 per month. That means if he pays the $10k monthly payment, he would have his debt paid off in about 13 years, but bring home less than $3,000 per month.

 WHY SO MUCH DEBT?

Keep in mind that it is mostly graduate students that end up in the most debt. With the cost of graduate school (2-4 years) easily topping $20,000 or more per year, it can dwarf undergraduate costs. Over 20 years ago no undergrad or graduate students owed six-figures of student loan debt. Today, over 2.5 million of graduate students do.

After reading about Dr. Meru’s story, I feel that there is a serious problem with the funding of higher education. I want people to be doing the opposite of owing interest on a $1 million and instead be earning interest on this amount of money.

I want people to have the trifecta of retirement funds- pension or 401(k), savings, social security. Over a 30 year career you want to have a paid for home, 25 times your annual income in a retirement account, and be able to get social security or have at least two forms of income to supplement your savings.

In the article, his wife said there are a few things that are OK to go into debt for: a home, an automobile, an education. I have to disagree. I say if you can avoid all debt, then do it. Pay cash for all your purchases. For a car you need one loan. Same goes for a home. However, her husband needed 50 loans to fund his education.

If you are unsure why or how you will pay cash for all purchases, let the advice of these millionaires be your guide.

Mark Cuban, billionaire owner of the Mavericks, says if you use a credit card, then you do not want to be rich.

Kevin O’Leary, shark tank entrepreneur, says all debt is evil.

David Bach, financial advisor and author of the Automatic Millionaire, says all debt is bad debt.

I rest my case.